Saccharomyces/Persimmon Fruit Juice Ferment Extract

(in 8 products)

1. Antioxidant - Reduces oxidation to prevent the formation of free radicals which may be harmful to health.

2. Antiseptic / Disinfectant - Prevents growth of unwanted microorganisms.

Saccharomyces/Persimmon Fruit Juice Ferment Extract is the extract of the product obtained by the fermentation of the fruit juice of Diospyros Kaki (Oriental persimmon) by the microorganism, Saccharomyces. [1]

Persimmon is a family of fruits belonging to the Diospyros family which includes:

-Diospyros discolor (velvet persimmon)

-Diospyros kaki (Oriental persimmon)

-Diospyros lotus (date-plum)

-Diospyros nigra (black persimmon)

-Diospyros peregrina (Indian persimmon)

-Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon)

-Diospyros virginiana (American persimmon)

Persimmon (PE) is effective against human noroviruses, which is the "leading cause of gastroenteritis and foodborne illnesses worldwide". [2] "The antiviral efficacy of PE … was examined with an infectivity assay (plaque assay)." Where "results indicate that PE is a nontoxic antiviral agent effective against enteric viruses." [2]

In a study, the hydrogen peroxide equivalent of persimmon extract was tested on a variety of bacteria from S. aureus to E. coli. [3] Where "the effects of persimmon on eight intestinal bacteria were examined. A control experiment was carried out in a similar manner using a standard hydrogen peroxide solution. As a result, it was found that hydrogen peroxide is generated from persimmon tissues, and the bactericidal activity of persimmon extracts correlated with bacterial sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide." [3] The study also showed that "the extract of persimmon leaf exhibited more potent antibacterial activity against S. thermophilus than attributable solely to hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that another component of persimmon leaf extract contributes to antibacterial activity against this species." [3]

Persimmon has shown anti-inflammatory properties in animal studies. It is hypothesized that persimmon extract has "potent antioxidant characteristics" when treating collagen-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. [4] Antioxidant activity was measured via oxygen radical absorbance capacity and expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capcity (TEAC) per 100g of the fruit. Persimmon showed 1517 mmol TEAC/100g while apples and strawberries only showed 1133 mmol TEAC/100g and 1190 mmol TEAC/100g respectively. [4]

By treating Diospyros lotus with chloroform, researchers managed to extract 7 compounds that have previously gone unreported. [5] The study focused on diospyrin and 8-hydroxyisodiospyrin, both of which have "marked anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative effect" on carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. [5]

In a separate study, "high molecular weight persimmon condensed tannin (HMWPT) is the main antioxidant in persimmon pulp" and "HMWPT was more effective than grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) in scavenging hydroxyl or superoxide anion radicals, and in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation, suggesting that persimmon may be a source of therapeutically useful polyphenolics." [6]

Diospyros kaki peel extracts have also shown "potential antitumor and multidrug resistance (MDR)-reversing agents" on "human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-2) and human submandibular gland tumor (HSG) cells". [6][7]

1. Antiviral Effects of Persimmon Extract on Human Norovirus and Its Surrogate, Bacteriophage MS2. (J. Food Sci., 79(5), M941–M946. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12462)

2. Antibacterial Activities of Persimmon Extracts Relate with Their Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration. (Biol. Pharm. Bull., 37(7), 1119–1123. doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00952)

3. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Persimmon Diospyros kaki in Experimental Rodent Rheumatoid Arthritis. (J. Diet. Suppl., (), 1–21. doi:10.1080/19390211.2019.1645256)

4. Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative activities of the extracts and chemical constituents of Diospyros lotus L.. (Phytomedicine, 21(7), 954–959. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.001)

5. High molecular weight persimmon tannin is a potent antioxidant both ex vivo and in vivo. (Food Res. Int., 45(1), 0–30. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.005)

6. Biological activity of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) peel extracts. (Phytother. Res., 17(5), 495–500. doi:10.1002/ptr.1183)