Homosalate

(in 1,958 products)

1. Sunscreen - Physical sunscreens work by deflecting or scattering UV rays. Chemical sunscreens work by absorbing and dissipating the UV rays as heat.

Homosalate is a chemical sunscreen.

Homosalate may act as “potent potent human androgen receptor (hAR) antagonists” on in vitro experiments conducted on human placental tissue, which supports the notion of an endocrine disruptor. [1] Androgens are male hormones and an antagonist inhibits the receptor site. The genotoxicity potential of homosalate is also observed when human blood lymphocytes have been exposed to homosalate. [2] Homosalate is known to bind strongly to skin layers as it is extremely hydrophilic [2][4] and can be found in breast milk days to weeks after topical application. [2][3]

When homosalate was experimented on Sprague-Dawley rats via both topical and injection routes of administration, the elimination of homosalate was found to be slower for topical, quicker for injection. [4] The experiment also observed that the dermal permeability of homosalate was much higher in rats than compared to humans. [4]

When homosalate was experimented on Wistar-Hannover rats via only topical application, very little endocrine disruptive activity was observed. [5] Only in male rats did the level of testosterone decrease [5], similar to in vitro experiments conducted on human tissue. There were no further effects on female rats nor in thyroid function nor in reproductive organ weights/development. [5]

It is also possible for homosalate to be converted into other chemical compounds via free chlorine found in swimming pools. This results in the formation of "“monochloro-homosalate, dichloro-homosalate and two diastereoisomers monochloro-homosalate”. [6] The study concludes that further environmental tests will need to be conducted in order to determine possible bioaccumulation rates. [6]

1. PubChem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8362

2. Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC–MS/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity. (Journal of Chromatography B, 936, 80–87. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.006)

3. Assessment of in vitro genotoxicity effect of homosalate in cosmetics. (Marmara Pharm. J 2018; 22(3): 436-442. Doi:10.12991/jrp.2018.84)

4. Exposure patterns of UV filters, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, organochlor pesticides, PBDEs, and PCBs in human milk: Correlation of UV filters with use of cosmetics. (Chemosphere, 81(10), 1171–1183. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.079)

5. Percutaneous Absorption, Disposition, and Exposure Assessment of Homosalate, a UV Filtering Agent, in Rats. (Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 77(4), 202–213. doi:10.1080/15287394.2013.861376)

6. Evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of homosalate (HMS) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA) in rat pups during the prenatal, lactation, and early postnatal periods. (Toxicology and Industrial Health, 33(10), 775–791. doi:10.1177/0748233717718974)

7. Study of homosalate stability in chlorinated water and identification chalogenated by-products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 6(1):990-1000)

1. South Korea - Ministry of Food and Drug Safety - Prohibited/Restricted Chemicals

- Ref: 850

2. EU CosIng Annex VI, LIST OF UV FILTERS ALLOWED IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS [2017]

- Ref: VI/3

3. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Annex VII, Allowed UV Filters

- Homosalate (INN)

4. EU CosIng Annex V, PRESERVATIVES ALLOWED IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS [2017]

- Ref: V/3

5. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Annex VI, Allowed Preservatives

- Salts of benzoic acid other than that listed under reference number 1 and esters of benzoic acid