Calcium(in 2,073 products)
Potential Risk Index®:
About:
Functions:
1. Dietary / Nutritional Supplement - Vitamins, minerals, proteins, fatty acids or probiotics that improves nutritional intake
2. Drug / Medicine - Treats, alleviates, cures, or prevents sickness. As officially declared by a governmental drug/medicine regulatory body
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. It plays an important role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, and fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation. [1]
Scientific References:
Regulatory References:
1. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines [2019]
- calcium
Safety and Hazards (UN GHS):
1. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage (H314)
2. Causes serious eye damage (H318)
Potential Health Concerns For:
1. Abnormalities, Drug-Induced (PubMed ID:16193507)
2. Acute Kidney Injury (PubMed ID:19856155)
3. Alcoholism (PubMed ID:27890540)
4. Alkalosis (PubMed ID:8667442)
5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PubMed ID:1817796)
6. Anemia (PubMed ID:18206139)
7. Angina Pectoris (PubMed ID:6334457)
8. Arrhythmias, Cardiac (PubMed ID:2276376)
9. Atrial Fibrillation (PubMed ID:7231470)
10. Atrioventricular Block (PubMed ID:8305663)
11. Basal Ganglia Diseases (PubMed ID:496555)
12. Brain Ischemia (PubMed ID:8880753)
13. Cardiomyopathies (PubMed ID:10643616)
14. Cerebral Palsy (PubMed ID:16943593)
15. Chromosome 22, microdeletion 22 q11 (PubMed ID:18074829)
16. Conjunctivitis (PubMed ID:3626302)
17. Dermatitis, Irritant (PubMed ID:22906572)
18. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (PubMed ID:25867198)
19. Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions (PubMed ID:18272488)
20. Epilepsy (PubMed ID:11382382)
21. Heart Failure (PubMed ID:6704950)
22. Hyperalgesia (PubMed ID:16632831)
23. Hypercalcemia (PubMed ID:19856155)
24. Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary (PubMed ID:22373954)
25. Hypertension (PubMed ID:7068199)
26. Hypocalcemia (PubMed ID:9785681)
27. Inflammation (PubMed ID:17575321)
28. Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute (PubMed ID:16316344)
29. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive (PubMed ID:20432440)
30. Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (PubMed ID:2261743)
31. Malabsorption Syndromes (PubMed ID:20152742)
32. Malaria (PubMed ID:9785681)
33. Malignant Hyperthermia (PubMed ID:21485675)
34. Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System (PubMed ID:28041893)
35. Metabolic Syndrome X (PubMed ID:19221698)
36. Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective (PubMed ID:9057100)
37. Mitochondrial Diseases (PubMed ID:22345309)
38. Muscular Diseases (PubMed ID:4274377)
39. Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (PubMed ID:19593760)
40. Neoplasms (PubMed ID:17916923)
41. Nephrocalcinosis (PubMed ID:11464680)
42. Neurodegenerative Diseases (PubMed ID:15488650)
43. Neurotoxicity Syndromes (PubMed ID:15488650)
44. Optic Neuritis (PubMed ID:23860028)
45. Pain (PubMed ID:665964)
46. Pain, Postoperative (PubMed ID:6849511)
47. Peripheral Nervous System Diseases (PubMed ID:28041893)
48. Polyneuropathies (PubMed ID:22819951)
49. Postoperative Complications (PubMed ID:20152742)
50. Renal Insufficiency (PubMed ID:11464680)
51. Rickets (PubMed ID:25483621)
52. Scrapie (PubMed ID:11701772)
53. Seizures (PubMed ID:18074829)
54. Spasm (PubMed ID:2444298)
55. Status Epilepticus (PubMed ID:10936204)
56. Stroke (PubMed ID:8880753)
57. Tachycardia, Ventricular (PubMed ID:11856964)
58. Vasospasm, Intracranial (PubMed ID:8880753)
59. Ventricular Fibrillation (PubMed ID:11856964)
60. Ventricular Premature Complexes (PubMed ID:11856964)
Potential Health Benefits For:
1. Bone Diseases (PubMed ID:28505433)
2. Bradycardia (PubMed ID:3578945)
3. Colitis (PubMed ID:19535420)
4. Drug Overdose (PubMed ID:12101159)
5. Hypoparathyroidism (PubMed ID:26196949)
6. Hypotension (PubMed ID:12643354)
7. Kidney Diseases (PubMed ID:1322021)
8. Movement Disorders (PubMed ID:11606688)
9. Nephrolithiasis (PubMed ID:26196949)
10. Nerve Compression Syndromes (PubMed ID:9338932)
11. Neurologic Manifestations (PubMed ID:9338932)
12. Osteoporosis (PubMed ID:17882678)
13. Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal (PubMed ID:16167916)
14. Peptic Ulcer (PubMed ID:8667442)
15. Periodontitis (PubMed ID:12751685)
16. Polyradiculopathy (PubMed ID:9338932)
17. Pulpitis (PubMed ID:12751685)
18. Sinus Arrest, Cardiac (PubMed ID:8013508)
19. Urinary Bladder Diseases (PubMed ID:9338932)
20. Water-Electrolyte Imbalance (PubMed ID:7696938)
21. Weight Gain (PubMed ID:15461272)
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